Regulation (EU) 2019/631 sets EU fleet-wide carbon dioxide (CO2) emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles (vans) registered in the European Union.

Passenger cars:
Fleet-wide average of 95 g CO2/km (NEDC-equivalent, later transitioned to WLTP-based targets).

Light commercial vehicles (vans):
Fleet-wide average of 147 g CO2/km (NEDC-equivalent).

As part of the Fit for 55 package, the Regulation was amended in 2023 to introduce more ambitious CO2 reduction targets for 2030 and to establish a 100% emissions reduction target for new passenger cars and vans from 2035 onwards. This effectively requires that all new cars and vans registered in the EU from 2035 be zero-emission vehicles, thereby ending the sale of new internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.

Most recently, Regulation (EU) 2025/1214 further amended Regulation (EU) 2019/631 by introducing a temporary, one-off compliance flexibility for manufacturers for the calendar years 2025 to 2027. While maintaining the existing CO2 reduction targets, manufacturers may comply based on the average of their annual specific emissions targets over the three-year period, with compliance assessed at the end of 2027.