Through this policy, the Energy Market Authority established an emission standards framework for new and repowered fuel-fired generation units, in order to facilitate the deployment of clean and efficient power generation units in Singapore. All new and repowered fossil fuel-fired plants should meet the Tier 1 emission standard of 0.355 tCO2e/MWh on an annual basis. Plants that are unable to meet Tier 1 standard can opt to be subject to an emissions limit under Tier 2, for which emissions allowance limit that is equivalent to a Tier 1 advanced CCGT but running at a Plant Load Factor of 50% on an annual basis (IEA, 2024).