The Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act implements a revenue-neutral carbon tax. In 2019, it started at $20/t, and was to increase $10/t a year to reach $50/t by 2022. Considering some states have carbon pricing systems (Alberta TIER 2007, British Columbia's carbon tax 2008, Quebec CaT 2013, Alberta's carbon tax 2017), the law will apply to states where no such policy is implemented. The policy also encompasses the Federal Fuel Charge.

In March 2025, the federal government announced its intention to refocus federal carbon pollution pricing requirements. It is removing the requirement for provinces and territories to have a consumer-facing carbon price in place. The federal government is setting federal fuel charge rates to zero as of April 1, 2025.

This leaves only the heavy industry price in effect (minimum carbon pollution price of at least CAN$65 per ton of emissions calculated in CO2e in 2023, rising by CAN$15 per year to CAN$170 per ton of CO2e in 2030).