The EPA has finalized stricter emissions standards for light-duty and medium-duty vehicles for the years 2027 through 2032, alongside updates to the GHG program. These updates include revisions to off-cycle credits, the treatment of upstream emissions for electric vehicles, and the introduction of new standards for refueling emissions and battery durability. Minor amendments have also been finalized for aftermarket fuel conversions and vehicle importing. The finalized emissions standards for 2032 are set at 45.4 gCO2/km for passenger cars, 152.2 gCO2/km for medium-duty trucks, and 109 gCO2/km for heavy-duty trucks.