"In October 2009, Environment Minister Carlos Minc presented the National Pact to Value the Standing Forest and Reduce Deforestation, proposed by 9 NGOs to reduce net deforestation to zero, to Congress. The pact was expected to be approved by the president by the end of 2009. Although it has not been approved, the adoption of a quantitative target for deforestation-related emissions reductions of 80% by 2020 may be construed as de facto approval."